Effect of the combination of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin on oxidative stress before and during pregnancy, and biochemical and histopathological analysis of the livers of rats after treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of a combination of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin on oxidative stress together with a biochemical and histopathological analysis of the livers of Wistar rats induced with PCOS. The results indicated that a combination of the drugs was more effective in the reduction of plasmatic levels of liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase, nitric oxide and total glutathione, and decreased the inflammatory response and histopathological damage, producing results that were significantly similar to animals from the control group. A mixture of the drugs produced more effective results against liver toxicity caused by PCOS, encouraging the normalization of biochemical parameters. During pregnancy, there was reduced oxidative stress compared to monotherapeutic use of these drugs. Interestingly, the combination of the drugs caused a physiological reaction similar to responses identified in healthy rats without induction of the PCOS control group. However, the clinical and physiological effectiveness of the combination should be further explored, especially with respect to the possible side effects on offspring.

Response of blastocyst-endometrium interactions in albino rats to sublethal doses of biological and synthetic insecticides.

The present study compared morphological, histochemical and histomorphometric characteristics of the sublethal effects of XenTari® and deltamethrin in blastocyst-endometrium interactions in female rats. Pregnant rats received 185, 1850 and 3700mg of XenTari® or 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0mg of deltamethrin (all doses per kg of body weight) and were sacrificed on the seventh day of pregnancy. The rats treated with the higher doses of insecticides exhibited a significant reduction in the number of implantation sites, vacuolated trophoblast cells, rare cytotrophoblasts, accentuated leukocyte infiltration, increase in vascularization of sites and blood in the uterine lumen. The decidua was more fibrous, particularly in the rats treated with the highest dose of XenTari®. In conclusion, sublethal doses of both XenTari® and deltamethrin produced qualitative/quantitative alterations in the blastocyst-endometrium interaction in female rats, thereby compromising the implantation process. Further studies are needed particularly at verifying the effects of these insecticides in the pregnancy to term in rats, order to investigate possible correlated effects on women working or living near agricultural fields.